Assessment of Level of Adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Infected Patients in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia

Afewerki Kahsay Kidanemariam; Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15

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Assessment of Level of Adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Infected Patients in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia

Afewerki Kahsay Kidanemariam, Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot

Published in Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 4 October 2014 Accepted: 18 October 2014 Published: 6 March 2015

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Abstract

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is one of the most destructive epidemics the world has ever witnessed. Non-adherence to the proposed antiretroviral regimen is considered to be one of the greatest dangers to the response to treatment on an individual level and the dissemination of resistant viruses on the community level. An adherent patient is defined as one who takes > 95% of the prescribed doses. Objective: To assess the level of adherence and associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from January 1, 2013 to July 30, 2013 among 382 adult PLWHA (>=18 years) attending HAART clinic at Mekelle Hospital. Data was collected by a combination of structured questionnaire and document review. The data was entered and cleaned using Epi-Info; transported to SPSS 16.0 version for final analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with adherence. Results: The rate of self reported adherence in the study based on the Schedule and indicator of the dose, time measurement in the last 7 days was (78.3%). Females were more adhered than males (185(87.7%)). Alcohol users have poor adherence than non alcohol users with 70.5% and 82.2% level of adherence respectively. Sex and educational status of the study participants were significantly associated with level of adherence with AOR (95% CI) of 3.81(2.18, 6.69) and 2.60(1.43, 4.71) respectively. Conclusion: The level adherence we found, 78.2%, is still very low considering the WHO recommendation of 95%. Sex and educational status of the study participants were significantly associated with level of adherence with AOR (95% CI) of 3.81(2.18,6.69) and 2.60(1.43,4.71) respectively. More focus should be given to males and individuals with low educational status to improve level of adherence and to assure the efficacy of HAART in prolonging the life of PLWHA. Adherence is a process, not a single event, and adherence support must, therefore, be integrated into regular clinical follow up. Investigation of factors related with long-term adherence would require longer follow-up than the present study.

Published in	Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15
Page(s)	50-57
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adherence, PLWHA, Mekelle Hospital, HIV/AIDS, Adults

References

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[16]	Bonolo PF, César CC, Acurcio FA, et al: Non-adherence among patients initiating antiretroviral therapy: a challenge for health professionals in Brazil. AIDS 2005, 19(suppl 4):s5-s13.
[17]	Ejigu et al. Anti-retroviral therapy adherence and its determinants among adult patients living with HIV/AIDS in South West Ethiopia: a facility-based cross sectional study, Gaziantep Med J 2014;20(1):52-58.
[18]	Beyene KA, Gedif T, Gebre-Mariam T, Engidawork E. Highly active antiretroviral therapy adherence and its determinants in selected hospitals from south and central Ethiopia. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009;18(11):1007-15.
[19]	Potchoo Y, Tchamdja K, Balogou A, Pitche VP, Guissou IP, Kassang EK. Knowledge and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adult people living with HIV/AIDS treated in the health care centers of the association "Espoir Vie Togo" in Togo, West Africa. BMC Clin Pharmacol 2010;10:11.
[20]	Nyambura A. Factors that influence non–adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/ AIDS) patients in Kenya, Kenyatta University, Kenya. Department Of Public Health, 2009;68-71.
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APA Style

Afewerki Kahsay Kidanemariam, Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot. (2015). Assessment of Level of Adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Infected Patients in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Clinical Medicine Research, 4(2), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15

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ACS Style

Afewerki Kahsay Kidanemariam; Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot. Assessment of Level of Adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Infected Patients in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Clin. Med. Res. 2015, 4(2), 50-57. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15

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AMA Style

Afewerki Kahsay Kidanemariam, Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot. Assessment of Level of Adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Infected Patients in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Clin Med Res. 2015;4(2):50-57. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15

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@article{10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15,
  author = {Afewerki Kahsay Kidanemariam and Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot},
  title = {Assessment of Level of Adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Infected Patients in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia},
  journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {50-57},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20150402.15},
  abstract = {Introduction: HIV/AIDS is one of the most destructive epidemics the world has ever witnessed. Non-adherence to the proposed antiretroviral regimen is considered to be one of the greatest dangers to the response to treatment on an individual level and the dissemination of resistant viruses on the community level. An adherent patient is defined as one who takes > 95% of the prescribed doses. Objective: To assess the level of adherence and associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from January 1, 2013 to July 30, 2013 among 382 adult PLWHA (>=18 years) attending HAART clinic at Mekelle Hospital. Data was collected by a combination of structured questionnaire and document review. The data was entered and cleaned using Epi-Info; transported to SPSS 16.0 version for final analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with adherence. Results: The rate of self reported adherence in the study based on the Schedule and indicator of the dose, time measurement in the last 7 days was (78.3%). Females were more adhered than males (185(87.7%)). Alcohol users have poor adherence than non alcohol users with 70.5% and 82.2% level of adherence respectively. Sex and educational status of the study participants were significantly associated with level of adherence with AOR (95% CI) of 3.81(2.18, 6.69) and 2.60(1.43, 4.71) respectively. Conclusion: The level adherence we found, 78.2%, is still very low considering the WHO recommendation of 95%. Sex and educational status of the study participants were significantly associated with level of adherence with AOR (95% CI) of 3.81(2.18,6.69) and 2.60(1.43,4.71) respectively. More focus should be given to males and individuals with low educational status to improve level of adherence and to assure the efficacy of HAART in prolonging the life of PLWHA. Adherence is a process, not a single event, and adherence support must, therefore, be integrated into regular clinical follow up. Investigation of factors related with long-term adherence would require longer follow-up than the present study.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of Level of Adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Infected Patients in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia
AU - Afewerki Kahsay Kidanemariam
AU - Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot
Y1 - 2015/03/06
PY - 2015
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15
DO - 10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15
T2 - Clinical Medicine Research
JF - Clinical Medicine Research
JO - Clinical Medicine Research
SP - 50
EP - 57
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2326-9057
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15
AB - Introduction: HIV/AIDS is one of the most destructive epidemics the world has ever witnessed. Non-adherence to the proposed antiretroviral regimen is considered to be one of the greatest dangers to the response to treatment on an individual level and the dissemination of resistant viruses on the community level. An adherent patient is defined as one who takes > 95% of the prescribed doses. Objective: To assess the level of adherence and associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from January 1, 2013 to July 30, 2013 among 382 adult PLWHA (>=18 years) attending HAART clinic at Mekelle Hospital. Data was collected by a combination of structured questionnaire and document review. The data was entered and cleaned using Epi-Info; transported to SPSS 16.0 version for final analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with adherence. Results: The rate of self reported adherence in the study based on the Schedule and indicator of the dose, time measurement in the last 7 days was (78.3%). Females were more adhered than males (185(87.7%)). Alcohol users have poor adherence than non alcohol users with 70.5% and 82.2% level of adherence respectively. Sex and educational status of the study participants were significantly associated with level of adherence with AOR (95% CI) of 3.81(2.18, 6.69) and 2.60(1.43, 4.71) respectively. Conclusion: The level adherence we found, 78.2%, is still very low considering the WHO recommendation of 95%. Sex and educational status of the study participants were significantly associated with level of adherence with AOR (95% CI) of 3.81(2.18,6.69) and 2.60(1.43,4.71) respectively. More focus should be given to males and individuals with low educational status to improve level of adherence and to assure the efficacy of HAART in prolonging the life of PLWHA. Adherence is a process, not a single event, and adherence support must, therefore, be integrated into regular clinical follow up. Investigation of factors related with long-term adherence would require longer follow-up than the present study.
VL - 4
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Afewerki Kahsay Kidanemariam

Tigray Regional Health Beareau, HIV prevention and control case team, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot

Adigrat Univerity, College of Medicine and Health Sceinces, department of Public Health, Adigrat, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Afewerki Kahsay Kidanemariam, Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot. (2015). Assessment of Level of Adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Infected Patients in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Clinical Medicine Research, 4(2), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15

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ACS Style

Afewerki Kahsay Kidanemariam; Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot. Assessment of Level of Adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Infected Patients in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Clin. Med. Res. 2015, 4(2), 50-57. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15

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AMA Style

Afewerki Kahsay Kidanemariam, Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot. Assessment of Level of Adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Infected Patients in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Clin Med Res. 2015;4(2):50-57. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15

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@article{10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15,
  author = {Afewerki Kahsay Kidanemariam and Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot},
  title = {Assessment of Level of Adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Infected Patients in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia},
  journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {50-57},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20150402.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20150402.15},
  abstract = {Introduction: HIV/AIDS is one of the most destructive epidemics the world has ever witnessed. Non-adherence to the proposed antiretroviral regimen is considered to be one of the greatest dangers to the response to treatment on an individual level and the dissemination of resistant viruses on the community level. An adherent patient is defined as one who takes > 95% of the prescribed doses. Objective: To assess the level of adherence and associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from January 1, 2013 to July 30, 2013 among 382 adult PLWHA (>=18 years) attending HAART clinic at Mekelle Hospital. Data was collected by a combination of structured questionnaire and document review. The data was entered and cleaned using Epi-Info; transported to SPSS 16.0 version for final analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with adherence. Results: The rate of self reported adherence in the study based on the Schedule and indicator of the dose, time measurement in the last 7 days was (78.3%). Females were more adhered than males (185(87.7%)). Alcohol users have poor adherence than non alcohol users with 70.5% and 82.2% level of adherence respectively. Sex and educational status of the study participants were significantly associated with level of adherence with AOR (95% CI) of 3.81(2.18, 6.69) and 2.60(1.43, 4.71) respectively. Conclusion: The level adherence we found, 78.2%, is still very low considering the WHO recommendation of 95%. Sex and educational status of the study participants were significantly associated with level of adherence with AOR (95% CI) of 3.81(2.18,6.69) and 2.60(1.43,4.71) respectively. More focus should be given to males and individuals with low educational status to improve level of adherence and to assure the efficacy of HAART in prolonging the life of PLWHA. Adherence is a process, not a single event, and adherence support must, therefore, be integrated into regular clinical follow up. Investigation of factors related with long-term adherence would require longer follow-up than the present study.},
 year = {2015}
}

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